9 July 2008

GENERAL INFORMATION OF INDONESIA:1. THE PRESIDENTS OF INDONESIA RESPECTIVELY : SOEKARNO (1945-1966),SOEHARTO (1966-1998), BJ.HABIBIE (1998-1999), KH.ABDURRAHMAN WAHID (1999-2001), MEGAWATI SOEKARNO PUTRI (2001-2004), SUSILO BAMBANG YUDOYONO (2004-PRESENT) 2. INDONESIA HAS APPROXIMATELY 13.677 ISLANDS, THE FIVE BIGGEST ARE KALIMANTAN, SUMATRA, SULAWESI, IRIAN JAYA AND JAVA. 3. THE FIVE BIGGEST POLITICAL PARTIES IN NATIONAL PARLIAMENT ARE: GOLKAR, PDI-P, PPP, PD, PKB AND PAN 4. INDONESIA HAS THIRTY THREE PROVINCES WHERE TWO OF THEM ARE AUTONOMIES PROVINCE VIZ. ACHEH AND YOGYAKARTA 5. ABDUL ROZAK TANJUNG SYNDICATE PROVIDES ARTICLES IN ENGLISH, INDONESIAN AND MANDAILING LANGUAGE. THE BLOG’S OWNER EXPRESSES HIS DEEPEST SORRY FOR A GUEST WHO DOES NOT SPEAK INDONESIAN AND MANDAILING. HE IS GOING TO UPGRADE AND UPDATE THE BLOG TO BE MORE CONVENIENCE TO SEE AND USE IN NEAR FUTURE.
YEEHAWWW!!!FREE DOWNLOAD : YEEHAWWW!!!NOVEL BERBAHASA MANDAILING DENGAN JUDUL TONA SIAN JAMBATAN MERAHYEEHAWWW!!!KARYA ABDUL ROZAK TANJUNG DAPAT DI DOWNLOAD SECARA BERKALA DI BLOG INI YEEHAWWW!!!
NOVEL BERBAHASA MANDAILING: TONA SIAN JAMBATAN MERAH

Masa remaja laksana masa pancaroba. Bagai suatu musim yang baru berganti dari pancaran sang surya kala kemarau menanti mendung tanpa surya di kala hujan. Masa kemarau selalu disambut bahagia oleh semua dan masa hujan kerap dijawab sedih oleh mereka. Namun, baik masa hujan maupun masa kemarau, bukan berarti tanpa bahagia dan duka dan bukan juga tanpa nestapa dan tawa. Masa pancaroba adalah masa peralihan diantara dikotomi kedua musim, suatu fase meningalkan suka dan duka di masa kemarau menanti nestapa dan tawa di kala hujan.

Demikian kiranya analogi masa remaja, meninggalkan cerita suka dan duka dengan ibunda, meninggalkan masa bocah dan belia yang penuh ceria dan menanti masa nestapa dan tawa mendayung asa meraih bahagia dalam dunia baru yang semakin fana.

Pardomuan Batubaru--kelahiran Desa Tanobato di Mandailing dan Halimah Lubis--gadis remaja kelahiran Roburan di Mandailing mengalami masa-masa bahagia dan nestapa itu di masa remajanya. Ketika cinta lahir dari dua insan tak berdosa, mengalun sahdu menyatukan cita. Namun, masa pancaroba ini mereka lewati dengan ribuan duri yang siap menusuk, melukai dan kalau durinya cukup tajam bisa perlahan merengguh nyawa mereka.

Seperti apa kisah mereka dilukiskan?. Anda dapat mendowload secara berkala Novel berjudul : TONA SIAN JAMBATAN MERAH dalam Bahasa Mandailing pada Blog ini. Anda dapat mendownloadnya dengan mengklik judul ini : Bagian I Ponggol I = TANOBATO 1997.pdf Bagian II Ponggol II = MANIKTIK BURANGIR.pdf dan Bagian IIIPonggol III = MARDEGE TU SIBANGGOR.pdf. Bagian IV sampai X dapat anda download pada blog ini kemudian.


Mandailing Batang Gadis National Park (TNBG):
Protecting Environment or Killing Villager’s Livelihood

Abdul Rozak Tanjung

Center for Strategic Governance and Development Studies.

Introduction
The Government of Mandailing Natal Regency has been campaigning Environment Awareness in its region since 2003 notably by establishing Batang Gadis National Park as well as by legalizing regulation concerning about Environment Awareness And Villagers Engagement in protecting environment. The policies follow the trend of several regencies and province throughout Indonesia. Furthermore, Saparuddin Siregar of Bitra Consortium--a local NGO that has been engagement on several agriculture, social and economic project and programmes in this area, claimed that as many as ten villages had been providing village regulation on environment issues in line with the regency policy (www, detik.com/ accessed on 14th June 2008).

Batang Gadis National Park (TNBG) is a national park lies in Mandailing Regency of North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The park geographically lies on 99° 12’ 45" East Longitude to 99° 47’ 10" East Longitude and 0° 27’ 15" North Latitude to 1° 01’ 57" North Latitude. Up to 2005 the regency has 68 villages in 13 sub district. The name of the park is derived from a biggest river in this region namely Batang Gadis River. The park covers an area of 108.000 acres or approximately 26% of total area of the regency and lies at 300 to 2.145 meters above sea level. Sorik Marapi is a mountain in this park area which has plenty of flora and faunas.

Through Forestry Minister Regulation No.126/Menhut-II/2004, TNBG is legally stipulated as national park where the impact or budget consequences of the regulation must not only burdened to regency budget but also burdened to national budget. TNBG itself consist of reserved forest, limited productive forest and permanent productive forest. The governments also converted 101.500 Acre of reserved forest consisting of Register 4 Batang Gadis I, Register 5 Batang Gadis II komp I and II, Register 27 Batang Natal I, Register 28 Batang Natal II, Register 29 Bantahan Hulu and Register 30 Batang Parlampungan which have been legalized by The Dutch Government during colonial era in the beginning of 1920’s. However, as large as 5.500 acre of productive forest which was belongs to PT. Gruti and 1.000 Acre of PT. Aek Gadis Timber’s was converted to be reserved forest.

Forest and Villagers’ Blood of Economy

It has been generally known that natural resources mainly forest and fields are the “bloods” of villager’s economy in this area. It has come since they don’t have enough knowledge and capacity in searching other jobs like urban peoples who have plenty choices and preferences of finding jobs. The lack of knowledge or even experience makes them stuck living and keep trying to survive in this rural area. If they had enough education and experience, they would not live in this area but mostly would move to other regencies all over Indonesia.

The villagers mostly cultivate paddy field and kitchen garden and several extractive works ranging from making red sugar from sugar palm, making latex from rubber tree and finding rattan in the jungle. However, these activities have been reducing by time and decreasing the land and jungle potentials by uncontrolled illegal logging mostly undertaken by businessmen in 1990’s up to beginning of 2000’s. The villager’s jungle and forest have already destroyed by the capital owners where the villagers were able to witness the gigantic forest destruction only. These forests destruction contrarily have enriched the businessmen notably outsider and do not have right to own the forest.

What was the impact of forest destruction is not a difficult question to answer. Businessmen, government and villagers had known it but they had different interests when forest destruction through illegal logging happen. Businessmen needed capital accumulation in running their business; the government official took benefit by denying illegal logging and the villages need work and money to feed and clothe their children. It seems to be an imaginary circle beginning with starting point and ending without finishing point. However we obviously know that villagers are the only stakeholder without any choice.

After the forest has been damaged the villages are the only stakeholder having loss where they cannot take wood for building home, they cannot drink fresh water or they cannot catch fish for dinner meal, they cannot have enough paddy harvests to eat, they cannot have latex to sell. Aftermath, they will economically and politically be a vulnerable society. They will try to cheat the land owner when reporting their paddy harvests; they will try to steal their neighbors’ latex when collecting their latex and will easily brave to break the law. When the general elections come, they will sell their ballot for food; they will collect their identity card for taking political party T-shirt and will take away their independence by joining the richest leader candidate.

The businessmen will breed their money from illegal logging by buying assets and running financial game business. They obviously remain able to afford daily meal, to drink fresh water or buying luxuries goods. They will not absolutely influenced by the forest destructions. The government officials will wash their hand from this case. They will open a bulk of laws stipulating their innocents or even blame their leader instruction asking them to do so. Both businessmen and government officials are the winner in this game while the villagers are the looser.

TNBG and Villagers’ Livelihood

Who will be benefited by establishing TNBG National Park is the real question that easy to answer. The government bodies and officials as well as the businessmen are the parties having benefits from establishing the park. The government will be given so many projects and programme both from national government and international agencies. It’s not too difficult for them to just write proposal and asking fund from national and international agencies. Under green revolution and global warning project they can ask billion dollars for having several projects at this devastated area. The businessmen will be a contractor or implementer of the projects particularly in providing some space for ecotourism project.
It’s no wonder since right now the government prepares all regulation required in paving the way to make TNBG. As Saparuddin said above, ten villages have been making village regulations in implementing the regency regulation on the national park. Government elites at village level will be the liaison officers and implementer the regency policy at grass root level.

The nothing villagers will be a victim of this policy where they don’t have luck to engage this new game. Their land and field area will be reduced by national park borders. They did not know how to register their land to public notary as well as don’t know how to search and digest land reform concept and theories to be issued in rally and demonstrations. The only things they know are the land owner were their grandfather and the forest belongs to the god. The government official will easily answer their complaints by saying: We just implement the government rules and witness us your land certificate to claim the land. If you prohibit us to put the borders points we can report you to the police.
Desentralisasi Anggaran di Tubuh Polri: Why Not?

Abdul Rozak Tanjung

(Dimuat Dalam Buletin Polisi Sipil The Ridep Institute Jakarta 2005)
Anggaran Angkatan Laut dan Udara baru mencapai sekitar 40 % dari kebutuhan operasi, sementara untuk Angkatan Darat mencapai sekitar 70% dan untuk Polri mencapai 90% (Menhan, Juwono Sudarsono, Media Indonesia, 11 Mei 2005)

Model Penganggaran Institusi/Lembaga Pemerintah
Dimulai sejak tahun 2000, penanggalan anggaran institusi/lembaga pemerintah baik pada tingkat pemerintah pusat maupun pemerintah daerah diawali pada Tanggal 1 Januari dan diakhiri pada Tanggal 31 Desember setiap tahunnya. Berbeda dengan tahun-tahun sebelumnya, penanggalan anggaran baik dalam APBN maupun APBD dimulai pada tanggal 1 April dan diakhiri Tanggal 31 Maret setiap tahunnya. Secara formal baik APBN maupun APBD ditetapkan melalui Undang-Undang atau Peraturan Daerah.Teknis penganggaran dilakukan melalui pengisian Daftar Usulan Kegiatan (DUK) dan Daftar Usulan Proyek (DUP) yang dibuat oleh setiap unit organisasi yang pada akhirnya difinalisasi di Departemen Keuangan cq. Dirjen Anggaran.

Polri sebagai institusi pemerintah pusat, secara teknis biaya operasionalnya langsung melalui organisasi induk, Kepolisian Republik Indonesia, dan tidak ada mata anggarannya yang dibebankan pada APBD baik pada level pemerintah Propinsi maupun Kabupaten/Kota. Realitas ini merupakan buntut dari regulasi UU No 5 Tahun 1974, UU No 22 Tahun 1999 dan UU No 32 Tahun 2004 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah, yang menyatakan bahwa lembaga tersebut adalah lembaga negara yang posisinya sentralistik.
Implikasi sentralisasi anggaran di tubuh Polri menyebabkan minimnya kontrol atau sama sekali tidak ada akses Pemerintah Daerah untuk memantau penggunaan anggaran di tubuh Polri, padahal Polri ditempatkan di daerah yang secara politik pada tataran macro policy adalah sepenuhnya kewenangan pemerintah daerah. Di samping itu pemerintah daerah merasa kewalahan dalam menanggulangi masalah-masalah keamanan di daerah yang disertai minimnya anggaran dalam APBD yang dialokasikan untuk pencegahan maupun penanggulangan masalah-masalah keamanan.

Kutipan di atas, pernyataan Menhan, memperlihatkan adanya alokasi anggaran yang belum cukup bagi Polri terutama untuk Angkatan lain di tubuh TNI. Apa solusi yang tepat untuk menutupi kekurangan anggaran 10% lagi di tubuh Polri?. Melalui tulisan ini, penulis mencoba untuk memberikan sebuah solusi yang selayaknya diikuti oleh solusi lain pada tataran regulasi.
Untuk selanjutnya download pada link berikut ini ANGGARAN POLRI.pdf
Intelijen Satu Payung: Sebuah Solusi Alternatif
Abdul Rozak Tanjung
(Tulisan ini telah dimuat dalam Buletin Polisi Sipil The Ridef Institute Jakarta November 2006)
Intelijen Polri, TNI dan Departemen Teknis hendaknya bersatu,….Polri perlu melibatkan social capital untuk memperkuat informasi intelijen dalam membangun sistem deteksi dini serta pencegahan terhadap tindakan kriminal yang dapat merebak dalam masyarakat (Nasution:2005).
Memaknai Hakekat Fungsi Lembaga Inteligen

Intelijen (intelligence) atau lebih dikenal dengan dinas rahasia adalah badan khusus yang dimiliki oleh negara yang merupakan bagian dari pertahanan dan keamanan negara. Tujuan lembaga ini sebenarnya adalah untuk mengumpulkan informasi yang akurat yang berkaitan dengan keamanan dan pertahanan baik terhadap negeri sendiri untuk mengevaluasi seberapa jauh tingkat pertahanan dan keamanan yang dimiliki dan seberapa kuat untuk menghadapi serangan lawan baik serangan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung (penyusupan).

Institusi intelijen ini hampir di semua negara hadir. Di Amerika Serikat, lembaga telik sandi ini, dikenal dengan CIA, di Unisoviet (Rusia saat ini) dikenal dengan KGB dan Rusia sendiri memngenal FSB, di Inggris dikenal dengan M16, di Israel dengan Mossad, di Australia dengan ASIO, di Rumania dengan DIE serta di Indonesia dengan BIN.

Pada dasarnya, fungsi intelijen adalah mengumpulkan data atau informasi. Sifat-sifat operasi injelijen ini dibedakan atas dua kepentingan yaitu (a) operasi taktis yaitu operasi yang dilakukan untuk mendukung operasi-operasi taktis yang dilakukan dalam jangka waktu dan kegiatan tertentu, umumnya dilakukan oleh Angkatan Bersenjata dan operasi militernya dan (b) operasi stategis yaitu operasi yang dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data-data informasi dan kegiatan lain untuk kepentingan strategis dan umumnya dilakukan dengan jangka panjang.

Pada perkembangannya terutama yang berurusan dengan masalah negara, fungsi intelijen ini dikembangkan dari masalah-masalah pertahanan keamanan kepada masalah-masalah sosial, gejolak sosial, informasi ekonomi, pertanian, sampai pada kemajuan teknologi. Dalam hal kepentingan negara dalam lingkup yang lebih makro, kehadiran inteligen ini ditujukan untuk mencari upaya sejauh mana menyelesaikan setiap ancaman yang dilakukan secara efektif. Selanjutnya klik link berikut ini untuk down load. Intelijen Satu Payung.pdf